ciliary ganglion การใช้

• The ciliary ganglion is a " parasympathetic " ganglion.
• Herpes zoster virus can attack the ciliary ganglion.
• Anything that denervates the ciliary ganglion will produce a tonic pupil due to aberrant nerve regeneration.
• They will also pass through ciliary ganglion and travel in short ciliary nerves to reach the iris dilator muscle.
• She noted that pathological destruction of nerve cells in the ciliary ganglion that is found in all cases of Adie pupil.
• Tonic pupils are usually due to " Adie syndrome ", but other diseases can denervate the ciliary ganglion.
• The dilator muscle is innervated more specifically by postganglionic sympathetic nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglion as the sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion.
• However, the ciliary ganglion is not simply a relay station connecting " preganglionic " to " postganglionic " nerve fibers.
• It communicates with the oculomotor, the abducent nerves, and with the ciliary ganglion, and distributes filaments to the wall of the internal carotid artery.
• Presynaptic parasympathetic signals that originate in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus are carried by cranial nerve III ( the oculomotor nerve ) and travel through the ciliary ganglion.
• Adie syndrome is a fairly common, benign, idiopathic neuropathy that selectively affects the ciliary ganglion and the spinal cord neurons involved in deep tendon reflex arcs.
• Although the protein is ubiquitously expressed, the highest levels of expression are seen in neuronal tissues such as the superior cervical ganglion, brain amygdala and ciliary ganglion.
• Postsynaptic sympathetic signals that originate in the superior cervical ganglion are carried by the nasociliary nerve or directly extend from the internal carotid plexus and pass through the ciliary ganglion.
• Early in the course of Adie syndrome ( when the cells of the ciliary ganglion have been destroyed, but before regeneration has occurred ) the pupil will be fixed and dilated.
• The sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle mainly travel in the nasociliary nerve but there are also sympathetic fibers in the short ciliary nerves that pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses.
• They accompany the short ciliary nerves from the ciliary ganglion, pierce the posterior part of the sclera, and running forward between it and the choroid, are distributed to the iris and cornea.
• ADAMTS4 is expressed in ovary, spinal cord, adrenal cortex, ciliary ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, brain, retina, pancreas ( islets ), fetal lung, breast myoepithelial cells, tendon and cartilage.
• Sympathetics are provided by the superior cervical ganglion and they reach the ganglion either as branches of the nasociliary nerve or directly from the extension of the plexus on the ophthalmic artery ( sympathetic branch to ciliary ganglion ).
• Interruption of the sympathetic chain at any level ( from the brainstem to the ciliary ganglion ) will produce pupillary constriction ( miosis ) and eyelid droop ( ptosis )  the classic signs of Horner's syndrome.
• The study showed that a pyridine moiety that is part of the telithromycin molecule acts as an antagonist on cholinergic receptors located in the neuromuscular junction, the ciliary ganglion of the eye and the vagus nerve innervating the liver.